Abstract Expressionism

The term Abstract Expressionism is applied to new forms of abstract art developed by American painters such as Mark Rothko, Jackson Pollock, and Willem de Kooning, flourishing between 1943 and the mid-1950s. Since Abstract Expressionism marked the beginning of New York City as the centre of the Western art world, the movement is also known as the New York School.

Mark Rothko, Red Blue Orange (1955)
Mark Rothko, Red Blue Orange (1955)

While work produced by Abstract Expressionists resists as a cohesive style, the artists shared an interest in using abstraction to convey strong expressive and emotional content. They were inspired both by the idea of Surrealism that art should surface originating in the unconscious mind, and by the automatism of artist like Joan Miró.

Two broad groupings emerged within the movement of Abstract Expressionism: the colour field painters whose canvases were dominated by large areas of a single colour; and the action painters using large gestural brushstrokes.

The colour field painters included artists such as Mark Rothko, Barnett Newman and Clyfford Still, who shared deep interest in myth and religion. They created compositions with large areas of flat colour, that were intended to produce a contemplative response in the viewer.

The action painters, led by artists such as Willem de Kooning and Jackson Pollock, worked in a spontaneous manner and often used large brushes to make sweeping gestural marks to directly place inner impulses onto the canvas. For example, Pollock placed his canvas on the ground and danced around it while pouring paint onto it.

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