Impressionism

Impressionism was an art movement of the 19th century developed in France, based on the practice of painting spontaneously out-doors (“en plein air”) rather than in the studio. Key impressionist subjects were everyday scenes and landscapes, in which the momentary and transient effects of sunlight should be captured. The artists worked directly in front of their subjects, using rapid brushwork broken into separate dabs in order to render the quality of light.

Claude Monet Impression soleil levant
Claude Monet, Impression Soleil Levant (1872)

Main proponents of Impressionism were Claude Monet and other Paris-based artists working in the early 1860s. An inaugural group exhibition was held in Paris in 1874 including work by Monet, Auguste Renoir, Edgar Degas and Paul Cezanne. Monet received the harshest attacks, his work “Impression, Sunrise” particularly being singled out for ridicule. The term “impressionist” quickly gained favour and was also accepted by the artists, unifying them by the spirit of independence from the academically oriented Salon.

Seven further exhibitions were then held until 1886, also influencing artists overseas, such as the British Impressionists Walter Richard Sickert and Wilson Steer.

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